Echo Mtn. Echoes Summer 1997, a magazine of Southern California history in general and Thaddeus Lowe and his mountain railway in particular

<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> <p align="center"><img src="../../echo.jpg" alt="Echo Mtn. Echoes, a magazine of southern California history and collectables, especially about Mount Lowe and Thaddeus Lowe's Mountain Railway featuring many old historic photographs, stories, and biographies of the communities of the San Gabriel Mountains and valley from the 1890's on. Pictorial and editorial information about historic Echo Mountain and Mount Lowe in the Angeles National Forest area of the San Gabriel mountains of Southern California, just above Altadena in the Los Angeles foothills, including articles, historic photographs, history, biographies, and events related to Thaddeus Lowe's mountain railway. mount, Mount Lowe, Mount Lowe Railway, Mount Lowe Railroad, history, railway, railway history, railraod, railroad history, i ncline, incline railroad, Altadena, Altadena history, southern california, southern california history, San Gabriel, San Gabriel Valley, San Gabriel Valley history, Millard, Millard Canyon, Thaddeus, Thaddeus Lowe, Pasadena, Pasadena history, California, California history, California history railroads, California history railways, Pacific, Pacific Electric, Pacific Electric Railway, red, red cars, trolley, 1890s, turn of the century, photographs, old photographs, historic photographs, collectables, collectibles, spoons, stamps, postcards, post cards, antique, antique postcards, biography, Brown, Brown Mountain, camp, camping, collector, culture, cultural heritage, heritage, Dawn, Dawn Mine, mine, gold, gold mine, gold mining, East, East Fork, Echo Mountain, Inspiration, Inspiration Point, foothill, foothills, forest, founders, settler, settlers, Eaton, glen, granite, hike, hiking, hiking southern california, hiking San Gabriels, hiking Angeles, hotel, memorabilia, Baldy, Wilson, resorts, nature, nostalgia, nostalgic, observatory, old, outdoor, peak, picture, photo, photos, photo tour, river, riparian, tree, trail, vacation, valley, walking, walking era, water, waterfall, West, West Fork, 1900, azusa, Angeles, Angeles Forest, beauty, souvenir, rubio, seco, glen, arroyo" border="1" width="204" height="82"><br> </p> <p align="center"><font color="#008000" size="6" face="Artistik, FormalScrp421 BT"><strong>A Visit To Alpine Tavern</strong></font></p> <p align="center"><a href="panoalp.jpg"><font color="#000000" size="5"><strong><img src="panoalpcs.jpg" alt="Click for full size image - Panorama view of The Alpine Tavern" border="1" width="540" height="84"></strong></font></a></p> <p align="center"><font size="3">By Jake Brouwer</font></p> <p align="left"><font size="3"><img src="alpinewalk.jpg" alt="Alpine Walk" align="right" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="175" height="251">A visit to Alpine Tavern is nothing like it used to be cept for the feeling you get when you arrive. By foot its a long haul from the metropolis below and a welcome place to rest your weary bones in the shade of the grand old oaks and pines that surround the vicinity. If you arrive via the upper trails its a three-mile hike to the tavern site and it still warmly receives any fatigued visitor. The Mt. Lowe Trail Campground now occupies the site of the famous Alpine Tavern, a fine spot to camp or rest as you traverse the trails by foot or mountain bike. </font></p> <p><font size="3">Of course it wasnt always that way. For nearly forty-one years folks had the opportunity to ride the <a href="http://www.erha.org/pe.htm" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.erha.org/pe.htm")">electric rails</a> from Echo Mountain to Ye Alpine Tavern. </font></p> <p align="left"><font size="3"><img src="circularbridge.jpg" alt="The Circular Brige along the Mt. Lowe Railway" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="363" height="232">After the hair-lifting journey up the incline folks would settle back in their seats to enjoy the ride, for what could be more thrilling than the incline? They would find that out soon enough as the trolley wound round the curves of Las Flores Canyon, crossing trestles that looked flimsy from a distance, like a <a href="http://www.heatersworld.com/bugworld/spiders.html" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.heatersworld.com/bugworld/spiders.html")">spiders</a> finely spun thread. Alternating emotions of happiness and horror, ecstasy and dread as the trolley passed perpendicular cliffs and then, what is this? CIRCULAR BRIDGE? "Oh no, what have we gotten ourselves into" passengers might have thought to themselves. Looking over what appeared to be a 2500-foot precipice the rider on the outside seat might even have had a "white knuckle" experience before reaching the other side of the bridge. </font></p> <p><font size="3">Then came Devils Slide and Devils Gate and according to the brochures, surely this was THE <a href="http://home.earthlink.net/~egieszl/cm.html" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://home.earthlink.net/~egieszl/cm.html")">thrill ride</a> of the day. Finally while the conductors spiel told of the points of interest ahead, the traveler rounded the last turn and the ride ended in front of Ye Alpine Tavern. </font></p> <p align="left"><font size="3"><img src="fireplace.jpg" alt="The Grand Old Fireplace" align="right" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="251" height="146">What was needed next was a spot in front of the grand old fireplace and some restorative food. Ah, safe at last! Of course not all riders on the Scenic Mt. Lowe Railroad were fainthearted, but they all did enjoy the opportunity to stop and rest amongst the twisted oaks.</font></p> <p><font size="3">What a concept it was, to travel from the beaches in the morn at Santa Monica Bay and then on through groves of oranges and finally on up to a fine mountain chalet, and all in a day! So, it was no wonder that at the end of a long day a place to rest would be most desirable.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Ye Alpine Tavern came to be as a result Professor Thaddeus Lowes difficulties in raising the money needed to finish the Alpine Division of his railroad. Original estimates by the California Construction Company were $200,000. </font></p> <p><font size="3">Unfortunately 1895 was not the best of economic times. Lowe already mortgaged his beautiful home and Grand Opera House to raise money. Then he came up with various revenue raising schemes, hoping the publicity and the funds raised would get him through. </font></p> <p><font size="3">One idea was to bottle and deliver to the masses below, pure Crystal Springs water. An advertisement from the time said, "This water issues from solid granite rock, 5,000 feet above sea level, on the west slope of Mount Lowe.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Another scheme was to pick up passengers in Tally-ho coaches, and deliver them to Altadena Junction in first class style.</font></p> <p><font size="3">At last an idea was formed that brought in some money, the Alpine Club. The Alpine Club was to be for the benefit of professional and businessmen of the area. Lowe figured if each member would purchase ten shares of stock at $100.00 each, he would only need 100 members to reach his desired goals. Instead of paying interest, the members received transportation and hotel accommodations amounting to 10% of their investment. </font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="alpine%20early.jpg" alt="Alpine Tavern early" align="right" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="360" height="207">The clubhouse was built at Crystal Springs, which became the terminus for the Alpine Division of the railroad. Only thirty or so memberships were purchased, but that was more than enough to build what was to be known as Ye Alpine Tavern.</font></p> <p><font size="3">The architect for the job was Louis F. Kwiatkowski, who also was involved with the remodeling plans for Lowes Opera House. This original design was constructed with blocks of granite and Oregon pine finished in the natural color of the wood. The granite blocks of the foundation would reach up to the windows of the first floor. </font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="rocker.jpg" alt="rocking chair" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="77" height="111">The building measured 40 X 80 feet with the main floor used for dining purposes. It vast room would seat over two hundred people. In the dining room were five fireplaces, the main one being twelve feet from side to side and seven feet tall. In each of its corner were stone blocks for seats. Above this grand fireplace hung a massive oak beam which had the saying, "YE ORNAMENT OF A HOUSE IS YE GUEST WHO DOTH FREQUENT IT", carved into it. On one side was an old-fashioned brick oven and on the other side an opening where "mystery" and other fluids are kept for the people of Pasadena. </font></p> <p><font size="3">The water from Crystal springs became the water supply for the hotel, furnishing not only pure water for drinking and bathing but also for heating. In the winter months most guests would prefer the amenities of the tavern, while for the summer Lowe planned to build cottages.</font></p> <p><font size="3">On September 26, 1895 Thaddeus Lowe invited the entire <a href="http://www.pasadena-chamber.org/" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.pasadena-chamber.org/")">Pasadena Chamber of Commerce</a>, newspaper people, administrators of prominent colleges, and others loyal to his cause, for the opening ceremonies of Ye Alpine Tavern. The grand event that was planned to win back the city of Pasadena was held on December 14, 1895. It was a huge success for the Professor who was the recipient of many toasts and testimonials.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Unfortunately bad financial times for the professor brought the railroad into receivership and in 1897 J. Sidney Torrance was made sole receiver by the courts. </font></p> <p><font size="3">This was not such a bad thing for Ye Alpine Tavern, for under the prior management the hotel had fallen into less than desirable condition. Torrance felt that the tavern needed to accommodate a greater amount of people and set forth enlarging the hotel. A new 70 X 30 dance hall was added to the east end of the building where an orchestra played most every day during the summer and weekend and holidays during the rest of the year.</font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="cottages.jpg" alt="cottages near the Alpine Tavern" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="250" height="157">Fares were lowered to $2.50 for a round trip visit. Finally the railroad was made available to the masses instead of just the wealthy. At Ye Alpine Tavern, Torrance had cottages built along the ravines. Traffic to the tavern started increasing and a third observation car was added to the Alpine Division. </font></p> <p><font size="3">By 1902 Henry Huntington had acquired the holdings of the Pasadena and Mt. Lowe Railroad as well as the Los Angeles and Pasadena Railroad. The Pacific Electric Railroad was organized and ran the railroad on Mt Lowe until its demise in 1936. </font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="mtlowetavern.jpg" alt="Mount Lowe Tavern" align="right" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="301" height="184">Due to the loss of buildings because of fires and windstorms, Echo Mountain soon became a mere transfer point for folks on the way to Ye Alpine Tavern. Modest alterations in the building were done as the years rolled on. A porch here, a coat of paint there, but in April of 1925, ceremonies were held at the tavern to celebrate the finishing of what is known as the concrete annex. This annex added thirty-one rooms bringing the capacity of the hotel up to one hundred-eighty-five. </font></p> <p><font size="3">At this time the name of the tavern was changed to Mt. Lowe Tavern. The grand Swiss styled structure at the terminus of the railway had been successfully transformed into a hotel with the most modern of amenities. New handsome furniture adorned the rooms while the rockers by the great fireplace now took on an upholstered leather look. Rooms had hot and cold running water and private baths. For those wishing to keep in touch with friends back home, long distance telephones were provided, as well as two mailings a day for the Mt. Lowe Post Office. Daily newspapers were delivered as well as the Mt. Lowe Daily News, which had its offices at the tavern.</font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="brochure1.jpg" alt="Mt. Lowe Tavern and Cottages brochure" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="120" height="272">The cottages were also upgraded. There were now some forty cottages and one six room bungalow. Some were housekeeping cottages, for those who wanted the rustic of the mountains. These tent cottages had gas stoves and kitchens equipped to cook any meal. A shoppe on the main floor of the hotel supplied food. There was a change of linen weekly and a change of towels daily. Tables had oilcloth covers and for a nominal charge napkins and paper tablecloths could be obtained at the store. Shower bathes were free, but hot bathes were thirty-five cents. Patrons could use the laundry free and then rent an electric iron for fifteen cents. </font></p> <p><font size="3">The hotel dining room was famed for its fresh meats, fruits and vegetables. Choice wines and liquors were available for those that desired them. </font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="tennis.jpg" alt="tennis at the hotel" align="right" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="236" height="286"><a href="http://www.bca-pool.com/history/hist.htm#top" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.bca-pool.com/history/hist.htm#top")">Billiards</a>, dancing, <a href="http://www.gibson-moore.com/tennis/history.htm" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.gibson-moore.com/tennis/history.htm")">tennis</a> and other amusements were provided free for the hotel guests as well as guests in the cottages. A circulating library kept the readers in the group busy evenings while others might have listened to the phonograph in the music room.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Perhaps my favorite spot in the hotel would have been the souvenir stand near the lobby. Here a guest could purchase a postcard to send along to a friend or perhaps a sterling silver souvenir spoon. Charles Lawrence also took many fine photographs of the mountain resort, which were for sale there. </font></p> <p><font size="3">From the tavern innumerable scenic trails led in all directions. The closest trip was to Inspiration Point, just one half mile away. From here one could view up to 56 cities and the island of <a href="http://www.catalina.com/center/index.html" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.catalina.com/center/index.html")">Catalina</a>. A small railroad started at Inspiration Point called the OM& M, which stood for one man and a mule. I t was run by a man named Zetterwall who lived at the tavern. </font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="brochure2.jpg" alt="Mt. Lowe Tavern and Cottages brochure" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="118" height="256">During the depression the number of round trips on the line were dropped and the prices reduced to $1.00. For $4.50 you could get a room, two meals and the round trip.</font></p> <p><font size="3">By 1935 the OM & M was shutdown and the searchlight was put out.</font></p> <p><font size="3">On September 15<sup>th</sup> 1936 a fire broke out in the hotel during the evening destroying nearly everything. Over 100 people helped to fight the fire and no one was hurt.</font></p> <p><font size="3">In 1941 the property at the tavern was sold to the government and became part of the Angeles National Forest. </font></p> <p><font size="3">March of 1959 the shell of the annex building was dynamited along with the great fireplace and the foundations of the old hotel.</font></p> <div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td><img src="florafay.jpg" align="top" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="234" height="83"></td> </tr> </table> </center></div><p align="center"> </p> <hr> <p align="center"><font size="3"><img src="spoonangel.jpg" alt="Souvenir Spoon, Angel, Value $95.00" align="right" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="190" height="564"></font><font color="#008080" size="6" face="Technical, Book Antiqua"><strong>Collectors Corner </strong></font></p> <p align="left"><font size="3">Off of the souvenir stands of Ye Alpine Tavern thousands of postcards were bought and mailed all across the country, making them one of the most easily collectable items of the Mt. Lowe Railroad. </font></p> <p><font size="3">One of the more elusive items sold from the glass cases were souvenir spoons. I have no idea what they would have sold for back in those days but in California over the last six years prices average at around $60.00.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Where do you look for them? Swap meets like PCC or the <a href="http://www.rgcshows.com/rosebowl.html" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.rgcshows.com/rosebowl.html")">Rosebowl</a> but you better get an early start. Antique stores are the best source, but expect to pay the price. In a 50-mile radius from Pasadena expect to pay top dollar for a Mt. Lowe Spoon. Out of town you will find them much more affordable but they are fewer and farther apart. Railroad shows are another good source, but again, in town you will pay more than at an out of town or state show.</font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="spoonorange.jpg" alt="This beauty features a woman picking oranges on the stem of the Mt. Lowe Incline Railroad on the bowl. Value $70.00" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="128" height="423">Im told there are at least 60 different spoons depicting Mt. Lowe, however there may be as many as 90. Quite a few spoons will feature more than one site on it. For example the bowl may feature the Incline and the stem may have a <a href="http://sddt.com/files/librarywire/96wireheadlines/09_96/DN96_09_09/DN96_09_09_cs.html" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://sddt.com/files/librarywire/96wireheadlines/09_96/DN96_09_09/DN96_09_09_cs.html")">Mission</a> or another of Los Angeless popular attractions. These are not quite as popular but still sought after. Values $25-60.00. </font></p> <p><font size="3">The fun part is in the hunt, so get out there and enjoy yourself. <br clear="all"> </font></p> <hr> <div align="center"><center><table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td align="center" width="100%" bgcolor="#808000"><font color="#FFFF00" size="7" face="Artistik, FormalScrp421 BT"><strong>Flora and Fauna</strong></font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div><p align="center"><strong><font color="#FF0000" size="5" face="Impact, Arial Black">An Ethno-Botanical Tour of Mt. Lowe<br> </font><font color="#FF0000" size="3" face="Impact, Arial Black">and the surrounding area<br> </font></strong><font size="3" face="Arial"><br> </font><font size="3">By</font><b> </b><a href="http://home.earthlink.net/~nyerges/" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://home.earthlink.net/~nyerges/")"><font size="3">Christopher Nyerges</font></a></p> <p align="left">Because of my proximity to the front country of the Angeles National Forest, the first place my brother and I regularly hiked to was Echo Mountain. Gradually, wed extend the length of our hikes and get up to the Mount Lowe Camp area via the old electric train route, or the Sam Merril Trail, or via Castle Canyon.</p> <p>Ive always enjoyed the peaceful solitude when camping at the site of Ye Alpine Tavern. There is a unique atmospere there, where a small trickle of a stream babbles by, where an assortment of mountain birds provide music, and where you can examine numerous foundations and walls from the Great Hiking Era. It is also a wonderful place to study those unique plants which provided food and medicine to past generations of Native Americans.</p> <p>On one summer day in the late 60s, I was sitting with my hiking companion at the old foundation for the Inspiration Point pavillion about a quarter-mile east of Mt. Lowe Camp, when another hiker came by. This other hiker began to tell us about how he had studied the wild foods with Native Americans in Northern California, and furthermore, he said that virtually all those foods that sustained past generations are still all around us. I continued to think about what he had said after I went home, and I decided to learn about all those wild plants that local Indians had once used for food.</p> <p>It turns out that there are many useful and edible plants in the vicinity of Mt. Lowe Campground and the Inspiration Point pavillion. </p> <hr width="95%"> <p><font size="4"><strong>OAK TREES</strong></font></p> <p>Numerous large oaks are found in this area, mostly canyon live oaks, but others as well. The acorns from all species were an important food source in past days, used somewhat like we may use potatoes today. Acorns are collected in the fall, and the rinds are then peeled. The acorn meat must then be leached to eliminate the bitter tannic acid and there are many possible ways to do this If youre out camping, you can boil the peeled acorns for about 30 minutes to an hour, regularly changing the water. They are done when you dont taste bitterness. The acorns can then be cooked in soups or stews, or ground into flour to make bread or pancakes.</p> <p><font size="4"><strong>PINES</strong></font></p> <p>Pine trees are also found on the north-facing hills. The needles of all species can be simmered in water to make a vitamin-C rich tea that has a strong medicinal flavor. When the cones mature in fall, they open and drop their black seeds. These seeds are delicious and oily, and can be used by themselves, or added to various dishes such as rice or casserole dishes.</p> <p><font size="4"><strong>BAY TREES</strong></font></p> <p>Bay trees are unmistakable -- the strong odor of the crushed leaf is potent. These leafs have long been used as a cooking spice. Native Americans used it to make a medicinal tea. Also, the nuts which fall in autumn are also edible. They are a bit astringent raw, so the thin shell must be peeled, and then they are boiled or roasted before eating.</p> <p><font size="4"><strong>TOYON</strong></font></p> <p>Toyon is a valuble tree because the orange-red fruit mature mostly in the dead of winter when no other food is available. The fruits are not eaten raw, but are cooked or dried. The dried fruits make good raisins, and can be ground and used as a sweet flour, or as a sugar. The fruit can be boiled to make a jam or a dessert item, and there are countless recipes for doing so.</p> <p><font size="4"><strong>YUCCA</strong></font></p> <p>Yucca is much more than a food, since the leaves are a valuable source of fibre. And though we seemingly have litle value for fibre in our modern world, in past days natural fibres were used to make ropes, nets, bow strings, sandals, mats, shelters, baskets, and on and on. The yucca also provides several good food sources. When a plant begins to <a href="http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/flowers/index.shtml" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/flowers/index.shtml")"><font size="3">flower</font></a> and die, it first sends up an asparagus-like shoot which is somewhat red in color. That shoot can be cut, peeled and eaten raw or cooked. Raw, it is similar to jicama, and cooked it is more delicious, like a squash. The flowers are eaten raw, but are better boiled, made into paddies, and cooked. And also highly prized were the fruits, which have the appearance of small gourds. These are usually soapy raw, and are best when baked or roasted. They can be eaten when cooked, or dried for future use. Youll see yucca in the more open and exposed areas around Mt. Lowe camp.</p> <p><font size="4"><strong>CURRANTS</strong></font></p> <p>Ripe currants were once the sugar of the Native Americans. Though many fruits could be used as sweeteners, currants seemed to be ideal. The dried currants were often mixed with dried meat, and pounded, to make pemmican, an ideal survival food (not to be confused with the wheat-based candy bar called Pemmican). Ripe currants make a great trail nibble, and can also be made into a simple jam.</p> <p><font size="4"><strong>MINERS LETTUCE</strong></font></p> <p>Miners lettuce is a vitamin C-rich plant which is only found in late winter and spring. It is a delicious salad plant. I have made miners lettuce into soup, cooked with eggs, and sauteed with fish. Everyone likes miners lettuce, and the plant is easy to recognize. It has a cup-shaped leaf through which the flower stalk grows. Miners lettuce is found in the shadier sections around Mt. Lowe Camp.</p> <p><font size="4"><strong>YERBA SANTA</strong></font></p> <p><font size="4"><strong><img src="yerba,santa.jpg" alt="Yerba Santa" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="129" height="236"></strong></font>Yerba santa is primarily a medicinal herb, though it can also be used as a tea. It was given the name yerba santa (meaning "holy herb") by Spanish missionaries who were impressed with the efficacy of this plant to heal external wounds when used as a poultice on people or horse, and when used as a tea for any bronchial problems, like coughing.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><font size="4"><strong>LIVE-FOREVER</strong></font></p> <p><img src="live4ever.jpg" alt="Live-Forever" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="121" height="208">Live-forever is a succulent plant of the Dudleya genus. It is usually growing on rocky walls. The plant somewhat resembles a miniture yucca or agave, except it is very small and entirely succulent. In the spring it produces an orange flower. These leafs can be eaten raw, especially in times when water is scarce. Sometimes they can be very astringent, but usually the flavor is just bland. I had at least one difficult situation where I relied on this plant. I was hiking out of upper Eaton Canyon, up the trail on the east side of Mount Lowe and up to my car up on the Mt. Wilson road. I had no canteen with me, and I filled my pockets with live-forever whenever I encountered it. That was my only water on a hike of about 8 miles on a hot day.</p> <p><a href="http://206.151.68.40:80/fern/" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://206.151.68.40:80/fern/")"><font size="3"><strong>FERNS</strong></font></a></p> <p>On the north-facing hills under the oaks, youll see bracken and other ferns. The young fiddleheads of many ferns have long been used as a cooked food. They are somewhat nutty when eaten raw, and make a good addition to salads. Usually, however, they are best steamed and then seasoned with spices.</p> <hr width="95%"> <p>This is by no means a complete survey of the useful plants in the vicinity of the old Ye Alpine Tavern and Inspiration Point, but just some of the common and easy to recognize plants. Keep in mind that harvesting plants may be illegal in some areas. Collecting acorns and pinenuts that fall on the ground, however, poses no threat to the plant, and the amount you collect would rarely even make a dent in the food of the wild animals. Nevertheless, we share this information for educational purposes only, and for its survival value. It is your responsibility to know the laws for the area you are in, and to abide by them. </p> <hr width="95%"> <p>Nyerges is the author of <strong>Guide to Wild Foods</strong> (available for $15 at all Sport Chalet stores) and <strong>Testing Your Outdoor Survival Skills</strong> (available for $12 from School of Self-Reliance, Box 41834, Eagle Rock, CA 90041). His latest book, about the Angeles National Forest called <strong>Enter the Forest</strong>, will be released later this year. Nyerges has been conducting Wild Food Outings, Survival Skills Outings, and nature walks since 1974. A schedule of his classes is available from School of Self-Reliance. Also see their web page at <a href="http://home.earthlink.net/~nyerges/" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://home.earthlink.net/~nyerges/")"><font size="3">http://home.earthlink.net/~nyerges/</font></a>.</p> <hr> <div align="center"><center><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#000080"> <tr> <td width="100%" bgcolor="#000080"><p align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="6" face="Artistik, FormalScrp421 BT"><strong>Echoes From Nearby Places </strong></font></td> </tr> </table> </center></div><p align="center"><font color="#800040" size="6" face="Impact, Arial Black">Echoes From Heninger Flats</font></p> <blockquote> <blockquote> <p><font size="2"><strong>On April 12, 1997 a hearty group was treated to a Historical Talk and Tour of Heninger Flats, given by Mr. Paul Rippens and sponsored by the Altadena Historical Society. A great luncheon was provided by the California Dozer Operators Group, the proceeds of which went to the burn center at Sherman Oaks Hospital. </strong></font></p> <p> </p> </blockquote> </blockquote> <p><font size="3"><img src="rippens.jpg" alt="Mr. Paul Rippens" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="167" height="279">William K Heninger around 1880 settled this small hanging basin above <a href="http://aaaim.com/altadena/index.htm" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://aaaim.com/altadena/index.htm")">Altadena</a>. He built a house and a cistern for water storage. It was here that he decided to spend the rest of his years and he planted fruit, vegetables, and hay and nut trees. The produce he then carried into town a mile and a half down the steep trail that ended in Eaton Canyon. </font></p> <p><font size="3">In 1892 Heninger was visited by T. P. Lukens and R. J. Busch who started the very first experimental reforestation in California at Heninger Flats. </font></p> <p><font size="3">After Heninger's death in 1894 the property changed hands a number of times finally being sold to the Mt. Wilson Toll Road Company. </font></p> <p><font size="3">In 1903, under the direction of Lukens, a nursery was established at Heninger Flats and by 1907 the forest service had planted 62,000 experimental trees. In 1904 Lukens reported that over 231,710 trees were growing in the nursery. </font></p> <p><font size="3">During the years that followed the Mt. Wilson toll road was widened to accommodate the passage of equipment up to the <a href="http://www.mtwilson.edu/index.html" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.mtwilson.edu/index.html")">observatory</a> at Mt. Wilson. By 1917 the road was widened to the present width of twelve feet.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Currently at Heninger Flats the Los Angeles County Forest Service Division, provides trees for environmental projects throughout the County. Free trees are available to the public for conservation purposes from December through March. </font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="visitorcntr.jpg" alt="The Visitors Center at Heninger Flats" align="right" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="283" height="183">The folks there have built a wonderful visitors center that I suggest all able bodied folks visit by taking the hike up to Heninger Flats. The center provides conservation education as well as great displays of nature and local history. </font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="wilsontollrd.jpg" alt="An early photo of an autocar on the Mt. Wilson Toll Road." align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="233" height="311">For all you Mt Lowe fans there are even some Mt. Lowe photos on display and a collection of postcards that was donated for the public to view. In addition there is a collection of insulators, two of which were specific to Mt. Lowe. </font></p> <p><font size="3">For more information on Heninger Flats contact the county of Los Angeles Fire Department Forestry Division or the Altadena Historical Society.<br clear="all"> </font></p> <hr width="95%"> <p align="center"><a name="WilsonsPeak"><font color="#800040" size="6" face="Impact, Arial Black">Echoes From The Past<br> A Trip To Wilsons Peak</font></p> <p align="left"><font size="3"><img src="muleride.jpg" alt="Visitors ride mules up the Mt. Wilson Toll Road past Heninger Flats to reach Wilson's Peak" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="264" height="148">While on the wonderful day trip at Heninger flats I had a few moments to speak with Betty Herr about letters written by a woman in the years 1892-1897. Mrs. Herr said I could view them at the Altadena Historical Society archives at the Great Western Bank on Lake Street. I was unable to do so however and Mrs. Herr was gracious enough to mail me copies of the letters.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Reading the letters immediately propelled me back to the 1890s, as the writers descriptions were observant, colorful and humorous. I enjoyed them immensely and asked Mrs. Herr for permission to reprint excerpts in Echo Mtn. Echoes.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Flora G. Fay wrote the letters during several trips to California between 1892 and 1897. At the time she was engaged to Mr. Eben Foskett, who was studying medicine at New York Medical School. Miss Fay traveled with her well - to - do parents and wrote of her experiences to Eben. In 1897 Flora Fay and Eben Foskett were married. </font></p> <blockquote> <blockquote> <p><font size="2"><strong>The excerpts of the letters are being published by the gracious permission of Margaret E. Foskett, daughter-in-law of Flora Fay Foskett.</strong></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="2"><strong><img src="florafay.jpg" alt="Florafay" align="middle" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="234" height="83"></strong></font></p> </blockquote> </blockquote> <hr width="85%"> <blockquote> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>1895 Winter/Spring</strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>Here I am at home again, just full to overflowing with the trip to Wilsons Peak and back. We started yesterday at about 8:30. Had an hours ride to the foot of the trail then proceeded with our three <a href="http://iquest.com/~jhines/donkey/intro.html" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://iquest.com/~jhines/donkey/intro.html")">mules</a> up the trail. I rode very littledidnt mind the walk of full 9 ½ miles very much for it began to cloud up at noon and after lunching we went straight to the clouds, which kept us cool and made walking easier but dampened our spirits as it hid the view. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>All we realized was that we wound along over deep canons and that the immense tree, redwood, cedar, and pine was something we hadnt imagined as from the valley , the mountain looks bare of trees.</strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>It took just six hours to reach the summit where we were glad to rest around a campfire before going down on the other side a quarter of a mile to the camp, where we were to eat and sleep. The camp consists of three log cabins and two small tents and as some other people had quarters there before us we were rather distributed. The three men had two beds in one cabin, and as their room had the luxuries of a stove and a mirror and a few magazines we used it for a sitting room also. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>We four girls had the funniest accommodations in another cabin  the cabin consisted of one room about 12X20 I should think, partitioned off to within a short distance of the ceiling something like this[see diagram a]. We had rooms A and B, divided from the main room C by calico curtains, only. The only entrance (3) was through room C which was occupied by two men and their wives. Annie and I had the room A because it had a window and B had none! Both rooms were about the size of stateroomsthat is the standing room, so I just got up on the bed and dressed. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>We took quite a tramp down a canon before supper and after, we went up to the tower on the summit to see the magnificent sun-set and the lights appearing in the valley below, the clouds having disappeared before a strong wind. The stars came forth slowly, appearing quite different than from a valley. From below they seem studded at a great distance against the sky but from that height, due probably to the thin clear air, they seem suspended not far above us. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>The air grew chill and we started a campfire but were really tired and sleepy so got back to camp early and went to bed. Our four neighbors, separated form us by only calico, were playing cards till a late hour. Then the wind rose to a gale that roared all night through the trees, and I kept wondering what might be the result should a bear or panther stick his head into my window which opened right on the ground, so I couldnt sleep till morningjust got into a snooze when someone hurried us out for the sun-rise. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>We dressed rapidly by lamp-light and sallied forth through the room in which the strange four were still abed. Wrapped in shawls and blankets as the wind still blew hard. Walked about ten minutes to "Echo Rock" from whence I had as grand a view, if not the most grand, I have ever seen. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>On our left snow capped peaks glistened against the sky; far down on our right Pasadena and Los Angeles lay sleeping still, in darkness. Opposite, across a deep canon arose another mountain back of which the sun was struggling up to peep into the valley. Finally it arose and flooded all the valley with sudden lightthe sun-sets and sun-risings are very abrupt here- scattering the mists, and making fairyland of the clouds still drifting about in the ravine. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>All this time we sat huddled together with blankets over head and all to keep the wind from blowing us to pieces, and speechless with the beauty and purity of the site. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>Finally the cold, keen air drove us to action and we went back to camp to find still a half hours wait for breakfast so two of us went up to the summit whence a broader view could be had, and tried to drink in, with the bracing air, some of the grand beauty. The valley below looked like a checkerboard, so regular and clear- cut appeared the brown fields and the green orange groves and meadows. The plain was broken only by the dimpled green foothills, and stretched far away to the ocean which showed clear and blue against the pale sky. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>After breakfast we spent the morning tramping about the mountains, and directly after dinner began our decent, every turn of which showed us new grandeur and beauty. We were just four hours coming down, and I rode a mule the first hour but it shook me so I declined to mount again.</strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>Am feeling the effects today of that 9 ½ miles decent. Am awfully lame, got two big black and blue spots on my limbs from bumping against the saddle when Maggie my mule insisted on trotting. Then somehow I managed to get a tick from somewhere. Felt it on the trail and thought I was stung but when I removed my dress found the horrid thing had burrowed in nearly all over my arm. Etta unscrewed him, but it is much inflamed and I couldnt sleep on that side all night. Got awfully burned and quite ruined my dress but in spite of these slight draw-backs look back with pleasure to the trip. We all wish we had planned to stay a week up there. </strong></font></p> <p align="right"><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>Flora G. Fay</strong></font></p> </blockquote> <hr> <p align="center"><font color="#008080" size="6" face="Courier New, Courier"><strong>News of our readers</strong></font></p> <p><font size="3"><img src="../v2n1/newsof.jpg" alt="Mt. Lowe Post Office" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="276" height="417">Our first and foremost news is that <strong>Eric Sauppe</strong> was the winner of our subscription campaign contest started back in November. Eric was one of 18 entries thrown into a hat. Eric won a weekend at Lake Gregory in Land-Sea Discovery Groups Vacation Home. CONGRATULATIONS!</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>Land-Sea Discovery Group</strong> has joined the <strong>Magic Lantern Society</strong> of the United States and Canada. An article by<strong> Jake Brouwer</strong> about the Mt. Lowe searchlight was reprinted in their magazine along with a request for magic lantern slides depicting Mt. Lowe. One so far was found and purchased for the sum of $20.00.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Thanks to <strong>Mike Post</strong> for sending a copy of <strong>Mountain Memories</strong> by <strong>Julia Nick Dexter</strong> to LSDG. Dexter wrote of her experiences at the <strong>HI-LOWE</strong> Farm with Ruth Dobbins Lowe, second wife of Thaddeus Lowe Jr.. The Dexters built the Lowe cabin. This takes place in the Twin Peaks area in the 1920 </font></p> <p><font size="3">You might be interested to know that among our many subscribers are <strong>Donald MacPherson</strong>, grandson of David J. MacPherson, <strong>Neal Salle</strong>, Grandson of Thaddeus Lowes brother, <a href="http://www.erha.org/pe.htm" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.erha.org/pe.htm")"><strong>Donald Duke</strong></a>, writer and publisher, <strong>John Robinson</strong>, writer and <strong>Charles Seims</strong> author of <a href="http://www.aaaim.com/echo/v2n2/Market.htm#video" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.aaaim.com/echo/v2n2/market2.htm#video")">Mt. Lowe Railway to the Clouds</a>. </font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>Elizabeth Herr</strong> was kind enough to send some wonderful letters written by <strong>Flora G. Fay</strong>, later <strong>Mrs. Eben Foskett</strong>, during several long trips to California in the years from 1892-1897. The letters cover trips to Mt Lowe, Catalina, and Wilsons Peak. More to come on these later. </font></p> <p><font size="3">On May 17, 1997 <strong>Paul Ayers</strong> and yours truly set up at <strong>Altadenas Old Fashioned Days celebration</strong>. Paul sold his tee shirts and put out the first copies of his book titled <strong>Survey of the Remaining Artifacts of the Mt. Lowe Railway, Part 1 Roca  Rubio Pavilion</strong>. Book sales were good so you better get one while they last! I set up a Mt Lowe display featuring souvenir items from my collection. Also for sale were books and videos. Despite winds, rain, and then heat, the day went well. Twelve new folks got on the mailing list and three new subscriptions were realized. Perhaps the best part of the day was a father and son discussing the adventures that lay ahead of them on Mt. Lowe. They had already experienced Rubio Canyon and had a good time of it.</font></p> <p><font size="3">I was pleased to also make the acquaintance of <strong>Troy Sette</strong> a young man who has taken quite an interest in the falls of Rubio Canyon. Troy, an avid climber, has conquered the canyon to beyond Thalehaha Falls. Troy also has interests in caving and our local mines.</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>Paul Ayers</strong> had an article printed in <strong>The Lookout</strong>, the official newsletter of the <strong>hundred peaks</strong> section of the <a href="http://www.edgeinternet.com/angeles/" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.edgeinternet.com/angeles/")">Sierra Club</a>.</font></p> <p><font size="3">On May 24, 1997, <strong>Land-Sea Discovery Group</strong> set up a display of Mt. Lowe souvenirs at the Bellflower Railroadania Show. <strong>Susan Brouwer</strong> and <strong>Michael Patris</strong> assisted at the display area, which received a fair amount of attention from the limited attendees to the show. Two videos were played featuring the Mt. Lowe Railroad. It was good to see some old friends and make some new ones, and the stories we heard, were great! The items that were bought and lost, or broken, or given away, as well as the "I have one of these or this or that." I guess that was the best part of the day, lord knows we didnt make enough to cover costs the second weekend in a row. I suppose well just settle in and concentrate on the paper. </font></p> <p><font size="3">Just a quick THANKS to <strong>Edna Smith</strong>. Dear Edna quickly raced into the basement of the Archives the morning of Old Fashioned Days, when rain started to come down, so as to fetch some sort of a covering for our valuable display.</font></p> <p><font size="3">Our illustrious webmaster, <strong>Gary Mendes</strong> of Triple A Internet Masters (AAAIM), has implemented some real nice changes to our web site. If you haven't yet tried out some of the new features, I invite you to go ahead and click on something you haven't before. The Java Script at work on the web site has been improved greatly to reduce your chances of encountering errors. The folks at AAAIM do excellent work and are greatly appreciated by all of us at LSDG. AAAIM does "web site creations, cultivations & care" and complete computer consulting. I recommend you also check out AAAIM's wonderful <a href="http://www.aaaim.com/altadena/index.htm" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://www.aaaim.com/altadena/index.htm")">Altadena site</a>. The lobby to AAAIM's world is <a href="http://aaaim.com/index.htm" target="UrlWindow" onclick="UrlWindowOpener("http://aaaim.com/index.htm")">http://aaaim.com</a></font></p> <hr> <p align="center"><font color="#800040" size="6" face="Algerian, Stencil, Griffon, Playbill"><strong>Mtn. Marketplace</strong></font></p> <hr> <p><font size="3"><strong><img src="lasfloresbridge.jpg" alt="Las Flores Bridge" align="right" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="291" height="393">MOUNTAIN MARKETPLACE CLASSIFIED ADS</strong> are 25 cents per word, $5.00 minimum. Name address, and telephone number must appear in all ads. Payment must accompany your order. Send ad copy 2 weeks prior to mailing date posted in editorial plan. Ads placed are subject to the availability of space and at the discretion of Land-Sea Discovery Group.</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>MOUNTAIN VACATION RENTAL</strong>. Newer 2 bedroom mountain home can be yours on a weekend or vacation. 7 tenths of a mile from Lake Gregory, Crestline , Ca. Sleeps 6. Fireplace, cable tv, vcr, and quiet woodsy setting. $80.00 per night, two night minimum. LSDG members save 10%. Contact Susan Brouwer 760-949-4676. </font>Land~Sea Discovery Group, PO Box 401904, Hesperia, Ca. 92340.</p> <p><font size="3"><strong>PHOTOS WANTED</strong>. Researcher and writer wants photos of life around the San Gabriel Mountain area especially Mt. Lowe and The East Fork. Will buy or pay for use. Contact Jake Brouwer </font>Land~Sea Discovery Group, PO Box 401904, Hesperia, Ca. 92340.<font size="3"> </font>760-949-4676.</p> <p><font size="3"><strong>ARTIST WANTED</strong>. LSDG is looking for an artist willing to kick around a few ideas and discuss costs for a few projects I want to do. Contact </font>Land~Sea Discovery Group, PO Box 401904, Hesperia, Ca. 92340.</p> <p><font size="3"><strong>BACK ISSUES AVAILABLE</strong>. Xerox copies of Vol 1, number 1 or 2 = $1.00 each. Xerox copies of Vol. 1, numbers 3 or 4 = $2.00 each. Extra copies of current issues are $3.00 each. </font>Land~Sea Discovery Group, PO Box 401904, Hesperia, Ca. 92340.</p> <hr> <p><font size="3"><strong>BOOKS FOR SALE</strong>. The following list are books offered by Land-Sea Discovery Group. All prices as of this printing include shipping and handling. Insurance is extra. Send payment to </font>Land~Sea Discovery Group, PO Box 401904, Hesperia, Ca. 92340.</p> <blockquote> <p><font size="3"><strong>Mt. Lowe the Railway in the Clouds</strong> By Charles Seims, 234pg, hardback, $47.95</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>Professor T.S.C. Lowe And His Mountain Railway</strong> By Maria Schell Burden. 72 pg, paperback. $6.00</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>Angels Flight</strong> By Walt Wheellock, 47 pg, paperback. $6.00</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>The Mount Wilson Story</strong> By John W. Robinson, 35pg, paperback. $3.00</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>Trails of the Angeles</strong> By John W. Robinson 232 pg, paperback, map. $12.95</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>San Bernardino Mountain Trails</strong> By John W. Robinson, 258 pg, paperback $11.00</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>Mountain Bicycling In the San Gabriels</strong> By Robert Immler, 122pg, paperback, $9.00</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>Mountain Bicycling Around Los Angeles</strong> By Robert Immler, 126pg, paperback $9.00</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>The San Gabriels</strong> By John W. Robinson, 310pg, hardback, $34.95</font></p> <p><font size="3"><strong>The San Bernardinos</strong> By John W. Robinson, 256pg, hardback, $32.95</font></p> <hr> <p><font size="3"><strong><img src="videobox.jpg" alt="Mt. Lowe, The Railway in the Clouds" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="97" height="182">To Mt. Lowe With Love</strong> Video VHS format, running time 32 minutes. Includes shipping $34.95</font></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p><font size="3"><strong><img src="videobox2.jpg" alt="To Mt. Lowe With Love" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="5" width="110" height="194"></strong></font><a name="video"><font size="3"><strong>Mt Lowe, The Railway in the Clouds</strong>. Video tape VHS format with a running time of 44 minutes. By Charles Seims. Price includes shipping, $34.95<br clear="all"> </font></p> </blockquote> <hr> <div align="center"><center><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td align="center" width="100%" bgcolor="#808080"><p align="center"><br> <img src="../v2n1/editor.jpg" border="1" width="320" height="114"></td> </tr> </table> </center></div><p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>Boy, oh boy, the weeks really flew by between issues this time. My computer was down for three weeks, I had three grandchildren born, we set up two displays of Mt Lowe material for the public to see, and Im still around to tell all about it. All this and a sixty-hour a week job! </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>How and why do I do it? Its because I love Mt. Lowe. I love the times, and experiences of the people of this era. I love the feeling I get being on Echo Mt. or in Rubio Canyon. I love the glow watching others talk about their Mt. Lowe experiences or a souvenir they just bought. I love that I can share with you some of the history of the San Gabriel Mountains and hope that you will share with me for the enlightenment of all. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>In this quarters issue we have echoes from nearby Heninger Flats and a wonderful letter written in 1895 about a womans trip to Wilsons Peak.</strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>This issue marks the addition of author Christopher Nyerges to our group. Christopher has several books published and his articles appear in many national magazines. </strong></font></p> <p><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>The fall issue due Sept. 15. will feature echoes from Dawn Mine & Millard Falls, as well as hiking into Millard and the flora of this area. Any info, stories, or pictures you would like to share about Dawn Mine is appreciated. </strong></font></p> <p align="right"><font size="4" face="Lucida Bright, Brush Script MT"><strong>til next time, Jake</strong></font><font size="2"><b> </b></font></p> <hr> <p align="center"><font size="2"><b><img src="emecvr1.jpg" border="1" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="540" height="349"></b></font></p> <hr> <h2 align="center"><font size="4">Land-Sea Discovery Group Contact Information</font></h2> <blockquote> <blockquote> <p align="left"><strong>Postal address:<br> </strong>Land~Sea Discovery Group<br> PO Box 401904<br> Hesperia, Ca. 92340</p> <p align="left"><strong>Electronic Mail:</strong><br> Sales: <a href="mailto:jakelsdg@earthlink.net">jakelsdg@earthlink.net</a><br> General Information: <a href="mailto:jakelsdg@earthlink.net">jakelsdg@earthlink.net</a><br> Webmaster: <a href="mailto:Echowebmaster@aaaim.com">Echowebmaster@aaaim.com</a><br> </p> </blockquote> </blockquote> <hr width="85%"> <p align="center">[ <a href="http://aaaim.com/echo/_private/issues.htm" target="index">Issues</a> | <a href="../../search.htm" target="index">Search</a> | <a href="http://aaaim.com/echo/websites.htm" target="index">Help</a> | <a href="http://aaaim.com/echo/_private/subscribe.htm" taget="index">Subscribe</a> | <a href="http://aaaim.com/echo/_private/comment.htm" target="index">Comment</a> | <a href="../websites.htm" target="index">Websites</a> ]</p> <p align="center"><font size="1">Send email to <a href="mailto:Echowebmaster@aaaim.com">Echowebmaster@aaaim.com</a> to report any problems.<br> Last modified: July 10, 1997 </font></p> <p align="center"><font size="2">No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without written permission from:<strong> Jake Brouwer<br> </strong>All articles and photos were provided by:<br> <strong>Land-Sea Discovery Group<br> </strong>Copyright © 1997</font><font size="1"> </font></p> <p align="center"><font size="2">site design and hosting provided by:<br> </font><a href="../../index.htm" target="_top"><font size="4" face="BankGothic Md BT">Triple A Internet Masters</font></a></p> </body>